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7th Schedule to Indian Constitution In recent days many experts advocated revisiting the seventh schedule of the Indian constitution. Schedules : These are an appendix to the Indian Constitution which categorizes and tabulates similar activities and policies. There are 12 schedules to the Indian Constitution and the list is here:- CLICK HERE Evolution of 7th schedule Here we will look into the 7th schedule in detail starting from its origin day in 1861 to the present-day scenario.  1861, Indian Council Act : The act brought a provincial legislative council into existence and marked the beginning of representative institutions by associating Indians in law-making. These councils were responsible for passing the laws for the province. Some of the legislative councils to name were Assam, Bengal, Bombay, Madras, Punjab, North-West Frontier, Coorg, etc.  1882, Lord Ripon’s Resolution : It introduced elected municipal councils and rural district boards. It was a landmark as members of prov...

Schedule 1:  List the state's name and union territory's name along with their jurisdiction Schedule 2:  Deals with the provision regarding emoluments, allowance, privileges of President of India, Governor of states, Speaker, and Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha, Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha, Speaker and Depuy Speaker of the State Legislative Assembly, Judges of Supreme court, Judges of High Court, Comptroller and Auditor General of India. Schedule 3:   Consists of forms of oaths or affirmation for the Union Minister, Candidates for Parliamentary elections, Member of Parliament, Judges, etc Schedule 4:   Allocation of seats in Rajya Sabha Schedule 5:   Administration and control of scheduled areas and scheduled tribes in India Schedule 6:   Administration of tribal areas in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram Schedule 7:   Consists of 3 lists (Union list, State list, Concurrent list) which divide subjects and power between Union ...

SELF-HELP On weekends I sit with my friends leading corporate life and listen to them, about their life, about learning new skills and languages for being updated and relevant to their job profiles which they are not even inclined to and all this is just for the fulfillment of their own and family’s need. I realize their bank balance and their job profile are not enough to make them happy and keep going.  All this tells us life is getting competitive every day, eventually creating stress on an individual to perform better to survive and thrive. Earlier such stress happened in later stages of life and now it's from school life as parents are forcing their kids to match the expectations set as a standard by society. Maximum people are part of the rat race; those who are not doing so are out of the market. Only a handful of people are following their passion as their profession; the rest are facing either existential frustration or existential crisis. Existential frustration Existenti...

POLICE REFORMS Introduction Police is that part of administrative machinery which primarily deals with the maintenance and preservation of law and order. As per Black's law dictionary, Police is "The function of that branch of the administrative machinery of government which is charged with the preservation of public order and tranquillity, the promotion of public health, safety and morals, and prevention, detection, and punishment of crimes." Background of the policing system in India In ancient India policing was concurrent with the institution of religion, community, and ethics. There are many ancient texts which have glimpses of policing system in India e.g. Arthashastra mentioned city policing organizations. In the Medieval period, the police system evolved slowly and steadily with the Sultan as head of the power and political activity whereas the Kotwal was the head of the police.Chowkidar was entrusted with the maintenance of village peace and order in lieu of paym...

Light Pollution                          During the week of the new moon in April an event called International Dark- Sky Week gets organized every year since 2003 by International Dark-Sky Association; this period is considered perfect in which the sky can be as dark as possible for optimum viewing conditions. Willing participants turn off all unnecessary lighting indoors and outdoors sources to reduce light pollution of the night sky. The term Light pollution stands for excess artificial light that brightens the night sky. Types of light pollution (also known as photo pollution)  are glare, over-illumination, light clutter (grouping of lights of cities), etc.   The goals of the event are to reduce light pollution and raise awareness about its effects on the night sky and encourage the use of better lighting systems that direct light downwards on the ground rather than at 360 degrees leading to light trespass (...

  Ayushman Bharat In a report by NSSO-2015, it was mentioned that in the last 10 years in-patient hospitalization expenditure in India has increased by 300%. People in India are reluctant to enroll themselves into health or life insurance schemes available in the market or given by the government and at the hour of need end up paying more than 80% of medical expenditures out of pocket by using either their savings or by borrowings. Such kind of uncertain expenses ends up pushing approximately 6 million families below the poverty line. A matter of worry is that India is not yet a financially inclusive country and to become one it is essential to educate its citizens with financial knowledge which is a medium to long-term time taking thing. To deal with this situation government had an urgent need to implement a policy that should be effective as well as efficient at the same time hence government arrived with this scheme which is: World’s largest government-funded health assur...